Compliance & Standards
Designing Retail Central Bank Digital Currencies: A Systematic Literature Review of Trade-Offs Between Security, Privacy, and Financial Stability
Systematic review of 140 studies argues retail CBDC design faces a trilemma: privacy, financial stability, and regulatory compliance cannot all be maximized at once. The literature favors two-tier hybrid models with tiered privacy as the main practical compromise.
Topics: payments, interoperability, crypto, regulation, policy